Tuzer enosky1] - 10 minutes ago
1)
Nucleons is made up of neutrons & proton in an
atom OR nucleons is the collective name for two
important sub-atomic particles:neutrons and
protons in an atom.
1b)
Graham's Law of diffusion state that, the rate of
difussion of a gas is inversely proportional to the
square root of its vapour density. Provided that
Temperature remains constant.
1c)
Aluminium react with oxygen to form a thin
impervious layer of oxide.
1d)
- atomic radius
- electro-negativity
- ionization energy
1e)
i) the molecule of real gases occupies space and
there are forces of the attraction between them
ii) real gases do liquefy when their temperature
droops.
1f)
i)used in seperation of different component of
crude oil.
ii)it is used for separating acetonic from water
iii) it is used for obtaining different gases from
air for industrial use.
1g)
- concentration of ions in electrolyte
- the nature of the electrode
- the position of ions in the electrochemical series
1h)
- substitution reaction
- addition reaction
1i)
- carbon dioxide
- water vapour
- carbon monoxide
1j)
- centrifugation
- sieving
- evaporation to dryness
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2a)
i) isotopy
ii) they have the same number of proton (atomic
number) but different mass number
iii) oxygen,carbon
iv)1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^5
2bi)
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES METAL
i) high melting and boiling point
ii) they are good conductor of heat and electricity
NON-MATEL
i)they have lower melting and boiling point
ii)they are poor conductors of heat and
electricity.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES METAL
i) they form basic and ampheric oxides
ii)the react by electron lose or donation of
electron
NON-METAL
i)the form acidic oxides
ii)the react by sharing and accepting electrons
2bii)
i) Al2 O3(Aluminum oxide)
ii) sodium hydride (NaH)
iii)zinc trioxocarbonate(iv)ZnCo3
iv)silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4)
2ci)
i) variable oxidation states
ii) complex ion formation
iii) they possess strong metallic bonding
2cii)
1s^2,2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^6, 3d^10, 4s^2
2ciii)
Zinc is not considered as a typical transition
element bacause it has only one oxidation state of
+2, it metallic ion are not coloured and it is not
used as a catalyst.
2d)
Na2Co3 + MgCl2 ----> 2NaCl + MgCo3
1mole 1mole 2mole 1mole
molar mass of Na2 Co3 = 2 * 23 + 12 * 1 + 16 * 3 =
46+12+48 = 106g
MM of MgCO3 = 24 + 12 + 16(3) = 84g/mol
From equation of rnx, 1mol of Mgco3 requires
1mol of Na2Co3
84g -----------> 106g of Na2co3
1g -----------> 106/84
3.36 ----------> 106/84 x 3.36 = 4.24g
5ai)
Na2S2O3 ===> 2 + 2x + 6 = 0
2x = 6 - 2 = 4
X = 4/2
X = 2
The oxidation number of sulphur is 2
NO3
3ai)
structral isomerism is the existance of two or
more compounds ( known as isomers) with the
same molecular formula but different molecular
structures
3ai)
i) tertiary alkanol
ii) secondary alkanol
iii) primary alkanol
3bi)
i) 2[CH3 CH2 COOH ] 2K(s)---->
ii) [CH3 CH2 COO ] K + H2
i) 2[CH3 CH2 COOH ] +2 K(s) ------> 2[ CH3 CH2
COO ] K + H2
ii) CH3 CH2 COOH + C4 H9OH
HEAT---->CH3 CH2 COO C4 H9 + H20
H2SO4
iii)CH3 CH2 CH2 CH20H + H^+
KMnO4------> CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 - 0H
EXCESS
3bii)
i) potassium ethanoate,hydrogen
ii) butyl propanoate and water
iii) enthanal
3c)
the percentage composition of the hydrocarbon
= 100
H + C = 100
14.3 + C =100
C= 100 - 14.3
C= 85.7%
(4ai)
calcium chloride, CaCl2
(4aii)
to the unknown ssubstance in a gas jar, add
small quantity of lime water. if the gas is carbon
(iv)oxide, it turns lime water milky while carbon
(ii) oxide has no effect
(4bi)
oxygen is releasedf abundantly from air and
nitrogen is produced by the reaction of potassium
trioxonitrate(v) with concentrated hydrochloric
acid
(4bii)
oxygen gas rekindle a lighted splint while
nitrogen does not
(4ci)
Bauxite is preferred because it is readily
available in the earth crust
(4cii)
-trioxosilicate(iii)
-carbon(iv)oxide
(4ciii)
-it helps to purify the bauxite
(4civ)
it is difficult to extract aluminium by chemical
reduction of aluminium oxide in amphoteric
(4cv)
AL2O3+NaOH=>Na2O + Al+ H20
5aii)
Rhombic & monoclinic
5aiii)
- Both are tetravalent
- both are allotrope of carbon
5bi)
CO2 & Chloroflorocarbon
5bii)
There is increase in sun radiation reaching the
earths surface ie Global warming
5biii)
ThunderStorm
5iv)
I2KNo3. --------> 2KNO3 + O2
2AgNo3 --------->. 2Ag + 2No
5ci)
Calcium chloride in a solution can give rise to
crystal using filteration & evaporation to dryness.
The sol is filtered into filtrate & residue b4
evaporation to dryness takes place.
5cii)
- Because of presence of hydrogen bonding in NH3
- Because Iodine as higher molecular mass than
chlorine
5di)
Mol of Nacl = Mass / MM
= 5.85/ 58.01
= 0.1mol
From the equation
2mol of Nacl gives 2mol of HCL, 0.1mol of Nacl
gives 0.1mol of Hcl
Vol of Hcl = 0.1 x 22.4 = 2.24mol/dm^3